An Inland wetland of Man-made origin located in the Dry Zone of the North-Central province. Kalawewa is a large, ancient irrigation tank, which was built by King Dhathusena (455-473 AD) by damming the Kala Oya. Kalawewa is the largest water storage tank in the Kala Oya basin. The freshwater fish are dominated by exotic species such as Oreochromis mossambicus, Labeo rohita, and other carp species. Indigenous species such as Etroplus spp, Puntius spp and Channa spp. have been recorded from Kalawewa. Aquatic reptiles include Crocodylus palustris, Lissemys punctata and Melanochelys trijuga. This is also an ideal habitat for large colonies of water birds including Pelecanus philippensis, Phalacrocorax niger and Anastomus oscitans, Phalacrocorax fuscicollis. Raptors such as Haliaeetus leucogaster and Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus are also notable species that are found at Kalawewa. Flagship species such as Asian elephants are frequently recorded in this area. Dry mixed evergreen forest patches are found distributed around the tank, which harbour valuable timber species such as Manilkara hexandra and Vitex pinnata.
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